Melanoma: practical guidance for patients

Melanoma begins in pigment-producing cells, most often in the skin, and can also occur in less visible areas. The pathology report may describe tumour thickness, ulceration, margins, and other features. These details, together with examination and imaging when needed, help the care team assign a stage and discuss options.

A diagnosis can bring fear, uncertainty, or practical questions. Ask for the name of your specialist contact, a written treatment plan, and an explanation of unfamiliar terms. You can bring a trusted person to appointments and keep a record of symptoms and medicines.

Attend the recommended surgical, dermatology, or oncology appointments and tell the team about other illnesses, medicines, pregnancy plans, allergies, and previous treatments. Do not remove or alter a lesion after it has been assessed unless your clinician advises it.

Local disease may be managed with Surgical Excision or Skin Cancer Surgery. A Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy may provide additional staging information for selected tumours. If melanoma has spread or surgery is not enough, Immunotherapy may be discussed. Follow-Up After Cancer Treatment helps monitor recovery and new concerns.

Contact your team promptly about a new lump, changing mole, persistent wound problem, unexplained swelling, new pain, or symptoms after treatment. Seek urgent care for severe breathlessness, confusion, sudden weakness, uncontrolled bleeding, or a high fever. Keep emergency contact details accessible, particularly during active treatment.

Ask what the pathology shows, what stage is being considered, whether further scans or surgery are needed, and what each option aims to achieve. Ask about expected wound care, possible treatment effects, sun protection, skin self-checks, emotional support, and the date of your next review.