What should you know about melanoma on the testicles?

Melanoma begins in pigment-producing cells. On scrotal skin, it may show as a new dark patch, an uneven mole, several colours in one lesion, or a mark that changes in size or shape. It may itch, crust, become sore, or bleed, although symptoms alone cannot establish the diagnosis.

A doctor may examine the scrotal skin and groin, use magnification, and recommend a biopsy. The tissue result confirms the diagnosis and describes features that help the care team plan treatment. A lump within the testicle is a different concern and should also be assessed without delay.

Make a prompt appointment with a dermatologist, urologist, or doctor familiar with skin lesions in intimate areas. Do not attempt to remove the mark, use wart products, or delay because the area is embarrassing. Note when it was first noticed and whether friction, shaving, or injury changed its appearance.

If melanoma is diagnosed, surgery may remove the lesion with an appropriate margin. Depending on the findings, the team may discuss surgical excision, skin cancer surgery, tumour removal surgery, or a sentinel lymph node biopsy. Immunotherapy can be considered in selected situations.

Seek prompt medical review for a new or changing scrotal spot, an irregular border, colour variation, persistent itching, crusting, or bleeding. Get urgent help for bleeding that will not stop with gentle pressure, sudden severe testicular pain, rapid swelling, or a new firm lump inside a testicle.

Ask whether the change is in the skin or deeper in the testicle, whether a biopsy is needed, and who should perform it. Discuss wound care, possible effects on comfort and sexual activity, whether groin nodes need assessment, and how follow-up will be arranged.