What should you know about melanoma in situ vulva?

The vulva includes the external genital skin and surrounding structures. A biopsy is examined to identify melanoma cells and determine whether they are limited to the surface layer in the sampled tissue. Pigmented vulval skin can vary naturally, and irritation, itching or a visible mark cannot establish the diagnosis by themselves. The pathology report may comment on margins, meaning the edges of the biopsy, and whether the specimen is adequate for interpretation.

Because the area is sensitive and close to structures that affect comfort, urination and sexual function, care may involve a dermatologist, gynaecologist or specialist surgeon. [Melanoma](/conditions/melanoma/) provides broader context.

Ask which specialist will coordinate your care and whether further [Surgical Excision](/treatments/surgical-dermatology/excisional-surgery/) is needed after the biopsy. Discuss the planned amount of tissue removal, closure, pain relief, urination, bathing, exercise and sexual activity during healing. Use only the cleansing and dressing products recommended for the wound; fragranced products can irritate healing vulval skin. Attend the pathology review and any wound check, and keep a record of new symptoms or changes in nearby skin.

Contact the treating team for increasing vulval pain, swelling, warmth, spreading redness, pus, wound separation, difficulty passing urine or bleeding that does not settle with pressure. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, inability to urinate, faintness, breathing difficulty or rapidly increasing swelling. A new dark, uneven, crusting or bleeding area anywhere on the vulva deserves an earlier examination, even if the treated site is healing well.

Ask whether the biopsy margins are clear, what further removal would involve, how healing may affect daily activities, when you can wash or exercise normally, and what changes should prompt urgent contact. Ask how often the vulva and the rest of your skin should be examined, and whether you need help checking less visible areas.