What should you know about melanoma in dogs eye?

A dog may develop melanoma on the eyelid, conjunctiva, iris, or other eye tissues. Owners might notice a dark bump, a patch of altered colour, a cloudy surface, redness, discharge, squinting, light sensitivity, or a change in vision. A dog may hide discomfort, so subtle rubbing or avoiding stairs can matter. Similar signs occur with ulcers, inflammation, trauma, pigment changes, and non-melanoma growths. A veterinarian examines the eye and may measure pressure, stain the cornea, inspect internal structures, and recommend imaging or sampling.

The result determines whether monitoring, local treatment, surgery, or referral is appropriate. Assessment may also include nearby lymph nodes and the chest or abdomen when spread is a concern.

Arrange a veterinary appointment promptly for a new or enlarging eye lesion, repeated squinting, or a visible change in the pupil. Stop the dog rubbing the eye with a protective collar if advised, and avoid human eye drops. Note changes in appetite, energy, navigation, and breathing. Bring photographs and medication information. A veterinary ophthalmologist or oncologist may explain excision, removal of the eye, tumour removal surgery, or other care according to the location and extent of disease.

Seek same-day or emergency veterinary care for sudden loss of vision, a rapidly swollen or bulging eye, severe pain, significant injury, bleeding, collapse, or marked breathing difficulty. Do not wait for a routine appointment when the dog is rubbing the eye continuously or cannot settle. After diagnosis, new weakness, seizures, persistent vomiting, or breathing changes need urgent review because they may indicate serious illness outside the eye.

Ask which eye structures are involved, whether the lesion can be sampled safely, and what imaging is useful. Discuss likely effects on vision and comfort, surgical recovery, pain control, and the timing of rechecks. Ask what changes at home should lead to an earlier call.