What should you know about melanoma in Black people?

Melanoma is a cancer of pigment-producing cells. In Black people, it can occur in areas with less sun exposure, including the palms, soles and nail beds. A new or changing dark streak, patch, spot or lump deserves attention, especially when its shape, colour or border differs from nearby marks.

Darker skin does not make melanoma impossible, and a suspicious mark is not proof of cancer. Trauma, a benign mole, medication effects and other pigment conditions can resemble it. A dermatologist may examine the whole skin surface, scalp, nails and mouth, then recommend a biopsy when the pattern warrants it.

Once a month, inspect the palms, soles, spaces between toes, fingernails, toenails, scalp and areas covered by clothing. Use a partner or mirror for hard-to-see places. Note a streak that widens, pigment that reaches the surrounding skin, a spot that changes, or a sore that does not heal.

Arrange a dermatology review for any new or changing mark rather than trying to remove it at home. Tell the clinician about family or personal melanoma, repeated nail trauma and medicines that affect pigmentation. If melanoma is confirmed, treatment may involve removal, staging and sometimes systemic therapy.

Seek prompt assessment for a bleeding, ulcerated or rapidly changing lesion, a dark streak that spreads onto the skin beside a nail, or a new firm lump near the area. Fever with spreading redness needs urgent care because infection may also require treatment.

Ask which features make the mark concerning, whether a biopsy is needed, how the sample will be taken, and how the result changes treatment. Ask how to examine nails and soles safely and when your next skin review should be scheduled.