Mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy: what to know

Before or during surgery, the team identifies the lymph nodes that drain the breast area. A small number of these sentinel nodes are removed and sent for laboratory examination. The result helps the cancer team decide whether further underarm treatment or other therapy should be discussed.

The biopsy is not the same as removing many underarm nodes. The planned operation depends on the diagnosis, examination and imaging. Breast Cancer and Paget Disease of the Breast may lead to different decisions, and Chemotherapy Before Surgery can affect the sequence of care.

Ask whether the biopsy is planned, how the nodes will be located, and whether you will have a drain. After surgery, keep the incision clean as directed and follow the team’s advice about lifting, stretching and shoulder exercises. A small scar or temporary numbness near the underarm can occur.

Tell the team about increasing arm heaviness, tightness, swelling or reduced movement. Early assessment can guide exercises or Lymphoedema Therapy. Discuss how the pathology result will be shared and which result would change the next treatment conversation.

Contact the surgical team for fever, spreading redness, warmth, wound separation, pus-like drainage, worsening pain, or sudden swelling under the arm. Seek urgent help for severe breathlessness, chest pain, fainting, or uncontrolled bleeding. A result from the biopsy requires discussion with your oncology team rather than interpretation from symptoms.

Why is sentinel node biopsy recommended for me? How will the nodes be located? When will the pathology result be available? What would different results mean for further treatment? Which arm symptoms should prompt an assessment?