What should you know about manic depression?

The term manic depression is now commonly replaced by bipolar disorder. Depressive episodes may involve sadness, loss of interest, low motivation, fatigue, sleep or appetite changes and trouble concentrating. Mania may involve elevated or irritable mood, unusually high energy, rapid speech, racing thoughts, reduced need for sleep and risky or impulsive choices. Some episodes include psychosis or severe disorganisation. A clinician distinguishes these patterns from reactions to stress, substance effects, medicine effects and medical conditions. Symptoms such as Fatigue, Difficulty Sleeping and Irritability are useful to report but do not identify the cause by themselves.

Arrange an assessment if mood changes return, last beyond a brief reaction or disrupt daily responsibilities. Note the timing of mood, sleep, energy, appetite, speech, activity and unusual decisions. Keep routines predictable, involve a trusted support person and avoid alcohol or non-prescribed drugs while symptoms are unsettled. If prescribed medicine, take it as directed and report troublesome effects promptly. Do not use another person’s medicine or adjust a dose without medical advice. Depression is one related topic you may wish to discuss with a clinician.

Seek urgent care for thoughts of suicide, self-harm, inability to stay safe, hallucinations, severe confusion, escalating aggression or behaviour that creates immediate danger. A sharp rise in energy with little sleep, reckless spending or unsafe travel also warrants prompt assessment. Contact emergency services if danger is immediate and keep the environment calm and supervised when safe.

You could ask: Is bipolar disorder the right modern term for what I am experiencing? What other causes should be checked? How can I recognise my earliest warning signs? What should my family do if I lose insight? Which services can help during an urgent episode?