What should you know about malassezia dandruff?

Malassezia is part of the normal scalp microbiome. In some people, changes in oil, skin-barrier function, or immune response are associated with inflammation and faster shedding of scalp skin. This can produce visible flakes, itch, and greasy or irritated areas. [Dandruff](/conditions/dandruff/) may be mild, while redness and scale on the scalp, eyebrows, ears, or sides of the nose can fit [Seborrheic Dermatitis](/conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/). Flaking does not prove that Malassezia is the only cause; psoriasis, eczema, contact allergy, and other conditions can look similar. The distribution of scale, its colour and thickness, and whether the scalp is oily or dry can help distinguish these patterns. Hair products, hats, and infrequent washing may also change how visible flakes appear without identifying the underlying condition.

Wash the scalp regularly according to its oiliness and hair needs, and avoid scratching or picking flakes. A clinician or pharmacist may recommend a [Medicated Shampoo Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/medicated-shampoo-therapy/) containing an ingredient that reduces yeast or inflammation. Use it exactly as directed, including any required contact time, and keep it away from the eyes. If shampoo is not enough or the rash involves other areas, a clinician may discuss [Topical Antifungal Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/topical-antifungal-therapy/). Avoid applying household oils or essential oils without advice, because they can irritate the scalp or worsen residue.

Arrange an assessment for persistent [Itchy Scalp](/symptoms/itchy-scalp/) or [Flaky Scalp](/symptoms/scalp-flaking/), especially when over-the-counter care has not helped. Seek prompt care for pus, painful swelling, spreading redness, fever, thick plaques, patchy hair loss, or sores from scratching. Stop a product and seek advice if it causes burning, facial swelling, or a widespread rash.

Does the pattern fit dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, or contact irritation? Which shampoo ingredient should I use and how long should it remain on the scalp? Do I need an antifungal treatment for other areas? What should I do if flakes return?