How malaria spreads

The mosquito acquires the parasite by feeding on an infected person and can pass it on during a later bite. The parasite then travels through the bloodstream and may cause fever, chills, sweating, headache and muscle aches. Malaria does not normally spread through coughs, handshakes, shared utensils or ordinary household contact. Transmission through infected blood, contaminated needles or from a pregnant person to a baby is uncommon but medically relevant.

Prevent bites by applying repellent as directed, wearing clothing that covers skin, using screens and sleeping under a mosquito net where appropriate. If you are travelling to a malaria area, seek a travel health consultation early. A clinician may recommend malaria prophylaxis and explain how to use it. Anyone with possible exposure should keep the destination and travel date available when seeking care.

Fever or chills during or after a visit to a malaria area should be assessed promptly. Arrange urgent help for confusion, fainting, seizures, breathing difficulty, severe weakness or persistent vomiting. Clinicians may use a blood test to investigate malaria; do not rely on the absence of a bite you remember.

Ask how your travel route affects risk, which protective measures are practical, whether prophylaxis is appropriate, and what testing or follow-up is needed if fever develops.