What should you know about mako total knee replacement?

In a total knee replacement, damaged surfaces of the thigh bone, shin bone and sometimes the back of the kneecap are reshaped and covered with artificial components. The aim is to reduce pain from worn joint surfaces and restore a more useful range of movement.

Mako technology supports the operation with a personalised surgical plan based on imaging. During the procedure, computer navigation can help the surgeon check the planned bone cuts and implant position. The surgeon remains responsible for decisions and performs the operation; the technology is a guidance tool, not an independent operator.

The components may include metal alloys, a plastic bearing surface and, depending on the fixation plan, bone cement. You can read about the materials in [Cobalt-Chrome Alloy], [Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene], [Titanium Implant] and [Bone Cement]. Knee osteoarthritis is one condition for which this operation may be considered: [Knee Osteoarthritis].

Before surgery, your team reviews your medicines, medical history, home support and mobility. Tell them about blood-thinning medicines, allergies, dental problems, skin infections or any change in your general health. Arrange a safe route through your home, keep frequently used items within reach and plan transport for follow-up visits.

After surgery, physiotherapy usually begins with safe transfers, walking practice and exercises that gradually restore knee movement and strength. Use walking aids as instructed, keep the wound area protected, and follow the team’s advice about bathing, driving, stairs and activities. Progress is individual: swelling and stiffness can affect how quickly exercises become easier.

Computer navigation for surgery is explained here: [Computer Navigation for Surgery]. Your surgeon should also explain the implant choice, anaesthesia, expected hospital stay, pain-control plan and restrictions that apply to you.

Contact your surgical team promptly if the wound becomes increasingly red, hot, swollen or painful, if drainage changes, or if you develop a fever or feel unusually unwell. Seek urgent medical help for sudden chest pain, difficult breathing, fainting, or a new painful swelling in the calf or thigh.

A fall, a sudden loss of the ability to put weight through the leg, or pain that escalates instead of settling also deserves prompt assessment. Do not wait for a routine appointment when symptoms are severe or rapidly worsening.

Ask why total knee replacement is being recommended now, what Mako planning adds in your case, and which implant components and fixation method are proposed. Ask how your existing medicines should be managed, what pain and blood-clot prevention plan will be used, and which movements or activities should wait during recovery.

You can also ask who to call about wound changes, how physiotherapy will be arranged, what equipment you may need at home, and which signs should trigger urgent care.