Main symptoms of sickle cell disease

Abnormally shaped red blood cells can become less flexible and obstruct small blood vessels. This may produce sudden pain in the bones, joints, chest, or abdomen. Ongoing breakdown of red blood cells can contribute to anaemia, causing tiredness, breathlessness, pale skin, or yellowing of the eyes. Children may have swelling of the hands and feet, and infections can become more serious because the spleen may not work normally. Symptoms and severity vary between people.

Keep a personal plan for pain episodes, medicines, hydration, and scheduled reviews. Seek advice early during fever or illness, and discuss vaccinations and infection prevention with the care team. A blood test can help confirm or monitor the condition. People planning marriage or pregnancy may also ask about premarital screening and genetic counselling.

Get urgent medical help for severe pain that is not settling, fever, chest pain, difficulty breathing, sudden weakness, severe headache, confusion, or unusual sleepiness. Emergency assessment is especially important for a child with breathing difficulty or marked lethargy. Do not wait for a routine appointment when symptoms suggest infection, stroke, or a serious chest complication.

Ask how to recognise your personal warning signs, which pain medicines are suitable, when blood tests are needed, and how to prepare for travel, illness, pregnancy, or surgery.