Loss of smell due to a cold

During a cold, swollen nasal lining and mucus can stop scent molecules reaching the smell receptors high inside the nose. Food may seem bland because much of flavour comes from smell. A cold may also cause a runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough or tiredness. Smell should gradually return as nasal inflammation settles, although the timing differs between people. Allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis and COVID-19 can produce similar changes, so the pattern and accompanying symptoms matter.

Rest, drink fluids and use gentle measures that ease congestion, such as saline nasal rinsing with properly prepared water. Avoid putting irritants or unprescribed products inside the nose. Do not rely on smell to detect smoke, gas or spoiled food while it is reduced; check alarms and food dates. Note when the cold began and whether smell improves as breathing through the nose becomes easier. A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether a medicine is suitable for your symptoms.

Arrange medical advice if smell remains absent after the cold has settled, worsens, keeps recurring or is accompanied by persistent facial pain or one-sided blockage. Seek urgent care for trouble breathing, confusion, severe dehydration, swelling around the eye or a sudden smell change after a head injury. Consider COVID-19 guidance if smell loss occurs with an illness pattern that does not feel like your usual cold.

Does my examination fit a cold or another nasal condition? Is saline care appropriate for me? How long should I monitor the smell change? Do I need testing for an infection or a review of my medicines?