Loss of appetite and losing weight: what to know

Reduced intake can follow stress, low mood, a medicine change, dental trouble, reflux, or difficulty swallowing. Infection such as gastroenteritis, influenza, or COVID-19 may temporarily lower appetite. Gastritis or a peptic ulcer can cause upper-abdominal discomfort and make eating unpleasant. Depression is a possible presentation of appetite change and weight loss, but the symptom pattern does not establish a diagnosis. Less common but serious illness also needs consideration when weight keeps falling.

Record what you eat and drink, your weight trend, bowel changes, pain, nausea, and medicines. Use small, energy-dense meals that you tolerate, add snacks between meals, and drink nourishing fluids if solid food is difficult. Arrange a primary-care appointment rather than relying on appetite stimulants or supplements without advice. A clinician may review your history, examine you, and decide whether tests or a dietitian referral would help.

Seek prompt medical care for ongoing weight loss, repeated vomiting, blood in vomit or stool, black stools, trouble swallowing, persistent fever, jaundice, severe pain, or marked weakness. Urgent help is needed for fainting, confusion, inability to keep fluids down, or thoughts of self-harm. Bring a list of medicines and any home weight records.

Ask which causes fit your symptoms, whether a medicine review or examination is needed, and how to maintain nutrition safely. Discuss the time course, appetite changes, bowel symptoms, mood, dental or swallowing problems, and any family history that concerns you.