What should you know about localized melanoma?

Melanoma is a cancer of pigment-producing skin cells. When it appears localized, clinicians have not found evidence that it has spread beyond the original skin site during the assessment. The diagnosis and depth of the lesion are established from a skin examination and biopsy, while nearby lymph nodes may be assessed when appropriate.

A localized result is not a reason to ignore a changing mole or new pigmented spot. Melanoma can change in size, shape, colour, or surface, and some lesions itch, bleed, or become sore. These features need examination rather than comparison with photographs alone.

Arrange care with a dermatology or skin-cancer team and bring information about when the lesion changed, previous biopsies, sun exposure, family history, and medicines. Treatment commonly centres on surgical excision with a margin of surrounding skin. Depending on the biopsy findings, a sentinel lymph node biopsy may help assess nearby lymphatic drainage. The team will explain whether further surgery, surveillance, or additional treatment is appropriate.

Protect healing skin from sun, attend every planned review, and check the rest of your skin and lymph-node areas as instructed. Report a new or changing lesion between appointments.

Seek prompt review for a new changing pigmented lesion, bleeding or ulceration, a firm lump near the treated area, or enlarged lymph nodes. Urgent medical advice is needed for severe wound pain, spreading redness, pus, fever, or wound separation after surgery. New neurological symptoms such as severe headache, weakness, confusion, or seizures require emergency assessment.

What did the biopsy show, including the lesion depth and margins? Do I need wider excision or sentinel lymph node biopsy? How often should follow-up occur? Which skin changes or symptoms should I report between visits?