Local antibiotics: what they are and when they help

A local antibiotic is used where the infection is located rather than being taken as a medicine that circulates throughout the body. Examples include preparations for selected skin, eye or genital infections. The formulation must match the body site; a skin product should not be put in the eye, and an eye product should not be used elsewhere unless prescribed.

Antibiotics act against susceptible bacteria. They do not treat viruses, so using them for every cough, cold or irritated area can expose you to side effects without addressing the cause. Some conditions, including cellulitis or certain sexually transmitted infections, may require a different or systemic treatment.

Use the prescribed amount and frequency, clean the area as directed, and wash your hands before and after application. Do not share tubes or use leftover medicine on a new problem. Tell the prescriber about allergies, pregnancy, other medicines and any previous reaction to antibiotics. Stop and seek advice for significant rash, facial swelling, breathing difficulty or severe irritation.

Arrange a review if redness, warmth, swelling, discharge or pain spreads, if fever develops, or if the area does not improve as expected. Seek urgent help for breathing difficulty, collapse, rapidly spreading swelling or facial and throat swelling after a dose. A clinician may need to reassess the diagnosis, drainage, testing or a different treatment.

Ask what infection is being treated, why a local product is suitable, exactly where and how long to apply it, what to do after a missed dose, and which warning signs mean you need review.