Living with chronic kidney disease: what to know

Chronic kidney disease means the kidneys are not working normally over time. Many people have few symptoms early on, so blood pressure checks, blood tests and urine checks can be more informative than how you feel. As kidney function changes, fluid, salts and waste products may be handled differently. Fatigue, excessive thirst, swelling, changes in urination, anaemia, gout or restless legs can occur, but each symptom has other possible causes.

Keep appointments and ask what your kidney function and urine results mean. Take medicines as directed, and check before using over-the-counter painkillers, supplements or herbal products because some can strain the kidneys or interact with treatment. Work with your care team on blood pressure, diabetes, salt intake, activity and smoking. Do not make major fluid or dietary changes without advice, because the right plan depends on kidney function and other conditions.

Get urgent medical help for severe breathlessness, chest pain, confusion, fainting, very little urine, rapidly worsening swelling, or repeated vomiting that prevents you keeping fluids or medicines down. Contact your clinician promptly for a new change in urination, persistent itching, increasing tiredness, muscle cramps or swelling. A sudden illness, dehydration or a new medicine can affect kidney function and may need a timely review.

Ask: What do my blood and urine results show? Which medicines should I avoid? How should I manage fluids and salt? How are my blood pressure and diabetes affecting my kidneys? Which symptoms should prompt same-day advice, and how often should I be reviewed?