Labour and normal delivery: what to know

Labour commonly develops in stages. Early labour may bring contractions that are irregular at first; established labour brings stronger, more regular contractions as the cervix opens. During the pushing stage, the baby moves down the birth canal. After birth, further contractions help deliver the placenta. The timing and intensity vary from one person and pregnancy to another.

A vaginal birth can happen without medication, or with comfort measures and pain relief discussed with the maternity team. Monitoring may include checks of your vital signs, contractions, cervical changes, and the baby’s wellbeing. A change of plan, including assisted birth or Caesarean Section, may be recommended if concerns arise.

Discuss your birth preferences, medical history, medicines, allergies, and transport plan before labour begins. Pack practical items, keep maternity contact details accessible, and learn which signs mean you should call. During early labour, rest when possible, drink according to your team’s advice, change position, and use breathing or other agreed comfort techniques. Induction of Labour may be offered when starting labour is safer or more suitable than waiting.

After birth, ask about bleeding, pain relief, feeding, urination, wound care if relevant, and follow-up. A Lactation Consultation can help with positioning, attachment, or concerns about feeding.

Contact your maternity unit for guidance when contractions become regular and difficult to manage, your waters break, or you think labour has started. Seek urgent assessment for heavy bleeding, severe or constant abdominal pain, fainting, trouble breathing, fever, markedly reduced baby movements, or fluid that is green or has an unpleasant smell. If you are unsure whether a change is expected, call rather than waiting for the next appointment.

Ask: When should I call or come to hospital? Which pain-relief options are available? How will you monitor me and my baby? What could lead to assisted birth or Caesarean Section? What should I expect during the first hours after delivery?