Cholera: what to know

Cholera is an intestinal infection that can spread through contaminated water or food. It may cause large amounts of watery diarrhoea, vomiting, thirst, muscle cramps, weakness, and signs of dehydration. Fluid loss can affect circulation and kidney function when it is not replaced.

The appearance of diarrhoea alone cannot confirm cholera. Recent travel, local outbreaks, unsafe water exposure, and contact with an affected person help clinicians judge the possibility. Testing and public-health advice may be needed, especially after travel or exposure.

Start Oral Rehydration Therapy promptly if cholera is suspected and you can drink. Use a correctly prepared oral rehydration solution and take frequent small sips, continuing after vomiting if possible. Avoid relying on plain water alone when diarrhoea is heavy, and wash hands carefully after using the toilet and before preparing food.

Contact urgent medical services for assessment rather than waiting for the illness to pass. Severe dehydration may require IV Fluid Therapy. Do not prepare food for other people while unwell, and follow local advice about testing, isolation, and safe water.

Seek urgent help for very frequent watery diarrhoea, repeated vomiting, faintness, confusion, extreme thirst, a dry mouth, little or dark urine, cold hands or feet, or inability to drink. Babies, older adults, pregnant people, and those with long-term illness can become dehydrated quickly.

Ask whether testing is needed, which rehydration solution to use, how to protect household contacts, and whether antibiotics or other treatment are appropriate for your situation. Tell the clinician about travel, water exposure, and the timing of symptoms.