Kinds of melanoma: what should you know?

Superficial spreading melanoma tends to grow across the upper skin before it grows deeper. Nodular melanoma forms a more raised lesion and can grow downward earlier. Lentigo maligna melanoma often develops on chronically sun-exposed skin, such as the face, scalp, or ears, and may start as a broad, uneven patch. Acral lentiginous melanoma begins on the palms, soles, or beneath a nail; it can be overlooked because those areas are less visible.

These names describe the pattern and site of a melanoma, not a diagnosis that can be made from appearance alone. A changing dark mark, a new uneven patch, or a lesion that bleeds or crusts needs clinical assessment. A biopsy allows a laboratory specialist to examine the tissue and helps the team understand depth and other features.

Arrange a dermatology review for a lesion that is changing in size, shape, colour, or sensation. Take clear photographs for comparison only if this does not delay an appointment. Examination may include the surrounding skin and nearby lymph nodes. If melanoma is suspected, the clinician may recommend Surgical Excision, while staging may include a Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in selected cases. Treatment is chosen according to the lesion and whether it has spread, and may involve Skin Cancer Surgery or Immunotherapy.

Seek prompt medical attention for a new or changing pigmented lesion, a sore that does not heal, repeated bleeding, rapid enlargement, or a dark streak under a nail. New neurological symptoms such as persistent headache, weakness, confusion, or seizures need urgent assessment because advanced melanoma can affect organs including the brain. Do not wait for pain; melanoma may change without causing discomfort.

Ask which features make the lesion suspicious, whether a biopsy is needed, what the pathology report will describe, and whether nearby lymph nodes need assessment. You can also ask how the scar should be cared for, which symptoms should trigger contact, and what Follow-Up After Cancer Treatment will involve.