What should you know about a keloid surgical scar?

During healing, the skin makes collagen to close an incision. In a keloid, scar tissue keeps building after the wound has closed and may grow outside the original wound edges. It can be firm, smooth, shiny, darker or lighter than nearby skin, and uncomfortable when rubbed by clothing. A keloid is different from a typical flat surgical scar because it remains raised and can expand over time. Its appearance alone cannot confirm the diagnosis; a dermatologist can examine it and consider other causes of a skin lump.

Arrange an assessment if the scar is growing, itchy, painful, or affecting movement. Treatment is selected according to its size, location, symptoms, skin type, and previous response. Options may include steroid injections into the scar, laser treatment for colour or texture, freezing treatment, or carefully planned removal surgery. Surgery alone can trigger another raised scar, so a specialist may combine removal with follow-up treatment. Do not cut, puncture, or apply harsh chemicals to the area. Protect healed skin from friction and sun, and follow wound-care instructions after any procedure.

Seek prompt medical advice if the scar becomes increasingly red, hot, swollen, or painful, or if fluid, pus, bleeding, or an unpleasant smell develops. Fever or a wound that is opening also needs assessment. These changes can signal infection or a healing problem rather than ordinary keloid growth. Arrange routine dermatology care for steady enlargement, persistent itch, restricted movement, or distress about the scar.

Ask whether the raised area is a keloid or another type of scar, which treatment goal is realistic, how recurrence will be reduced, and what aftercare the incision needs. Ask how many visits may be needed and which symptoms should lead you to call.