What should you know about ischemic heart failure?

Ischemia means that part of the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen-rich blood. Repeated or severe blood-flow problems can injure heart muscle, leaving it less able to fill, contract or relax. The resulting heart failure can cause breathlessness, reduced stamina, cough, palpitations or swollen ankles, although symptoms vary between people.

Heart failure does not mean that the heart has stopped. It means the circulation is not being supported as effectively as the body needs. Other conditions, including high blood pressure or an abnormal rhythm such as atrial fibrillation, may add strain and need assessment.

Arrange regular reviews so symptoms, blood pressure, kidney function, medicines and fluid balance can be considered together. Take prescribed medicines consistently and do not stop them suddenly without medical advice. Record changes in breathlessness, exercise tolerance, weight, swelling and sleep position.

Ask about a chronic disease review and whether you need assessment for coronary artery disease, rhythm problems or another contributor. Reduce tobacco exposure, follow an agreed activity plan and discuss salt, fluids and alcohol rather than making severe restrictions on your own.

Seek emergency help for severe or rapidly worsening breathlessness, chest pressure, fainting, blue lips, new confusion or coughing pink frothy mucus. Contact your care team promptly when swelling increases, you become breathless at rest or usual activities become much harder.

Ask what caused the reduced blood flow, how your heart function will be monitored, which symptoms should trigger urgent help, and how your medicines interact with other treatments.