Is testicular cancer safe in men?

The disease begins in cells of a testicle and may appear as a firm lump, swelling, heaviness or a change in size. These signs can also have non-cancer causes, so a symptom alone cannot establish the diagnosis. Assessment commonly includes an examination and imaging, followed by blood tests or tissue assessment when appropriate. Treatment may involve surgery to remove the affected testicle, with chemotherapy or radiotherapy considered according to the tumour type and extent. Fertility, hormone levels and sexual wellbeing can be part of the discussion.

Arrange a medical appointment for a new testicular lump, persistent swelling, discomfort or a noticeable change. Do not squeeze or repeatedly examine the area. Take a list of medicines and previous diagnoses, and mention any plans for children because sperm preservation or hormone support may need discussion before treatment. Keep follow-up appointments even when symptoms improve.

Seek urgent care for sudden, severe testicular pain, rapid swelling, nausea or vomiting, because these symptoms can signal a time-sensitive problem unrelated to cancer. Contact a clinician promptly for a persistent lump, increasing heaviness, unexplained enlargement or pain that does not settle.

Ask which tests are needed, what type of tumour is suspected, whether treatment could affect fertility or testosterone, and how follow-up will monitor the remaining testicle and your recovery.