What should you know about iris melanoma?

It may appear as a new or changing dark spot, a raised area, an irregular pupil, or a change in vision, although other eye conditions can look similar. Examination may include detailed inspection, photographs, ultrasound, and tests that assess whether disease has spread. The specialist considers tumour size, position, growth, and effects on vision when discussing options. [Melanoma](/conditions/melanoma/) is the broader cancer category; iris melanoma is not the same as a skin mole.

Arrange prompt assessment for a new or changing iris mark, unexplained visual disturbance, persistent eye discomfort, or an irregular pupil. Take previous eye records and a medicine list to the appointment. Treatment may involve carefully selected eye surgery or another specialist approach; options can include [Surgical Excision](/treatments/surgical-dermatology/excisional-surgery/) or tumour-directed surgery depending on anatomy. Ask how vision, the other eye, and long-term monitoring will be addressed.

Seek emergency care for sudden loss of vision, severe eye pain, a new curtain-like shadow, marked redness with nausea, or an injury accompanied by visual change. If a confirmed tumour causes new neurological symptoms, severe headache, weakness, confusion, or seizures, urgent assessment is needed because these symptoms may signal serious spread or another emergency.

What tests confirm the diagnosis? Where is the tumour located? Which treatment protects useful vision, and what follow-up will I need?