Introduction to Premenstrual Syndrome

The pattern can vary from one person to another and may change over time. Symptoms can include breast tenderness, bloating, cramps, headaches, tiredness, food cravings, irritability, low mood, or difficulty concentrating.

PMS is identified by the timing and repetition of symptoms rather than by one symptom alone. Symptoms often begin during the days before menstruation and ease soon after the period begins. Keeping a daily record of mood, pain, bleeding, sleep, and other changes for several cycles can help a clinician assess this pattern.

Breast pain can occur as part of PMS, but breast pain also has other possible causes. Strong emotional symptoms that interfere with work, relationships, or daily activities may need assessment for a more severe premenstrual mood condition.

Start with measures that fit your symptoms: regular movement, consistent sleep, balanced meals, and time to decompress may help some people. Gentle heat can ease cramps, while a supportive bra may reduce breast discomfort. A symptom diary can show whether a change is helping.

A clinician or pharmacist can discuss suitable pain relief and whether hormonal contraception, such as the combined pill, is appropriate for you. Tell them about migraines with aura, blood-clot history, smoking, medicines, and other health conditions before starting hormonal treatment.

Arrange a medical appointment if symptoms repeatedly disrupt daily life, continue beyond the start of your period, are becoming more intense, or do not follow a predictable cycle. A clinician can check for other causes and discuss treatment options.

Seek urgent help for thoughts of self-harm, severe distress, sudden chest pain, trouble breathing, fainting, or one-sided leg swelling and pain. Contact a clinician promptly for a new breast lump, bloody nipple discharge, or breast skin changes.

Ask: Could my symptoms be PMS or another condition? What should I record in a symptom diary? Which pain-relief options suit my health history? Would hormonal treatment be safe for me? What changes should prompt an earlier review?