What should you know about intraocular melanoma symptoms?

Intraocular melanoma is melanoma arising inside the eye, often from pigment-producing cells. Depending on its location and size, it may cause blurred or reduced vision, flashes of light, new floaters, a dark curtain or shadow, a growing dark spot on the iris, or a change in the shape of the pupil. Some people notice no symptoms and are diagnosed during a routine eye examination.

These signs have many possible explanations, including retinal problems, cataract, inflammation, or other eye conditions. A symptom cannot establish the diagnosis. An ophthalmologist may examine the inside of the eye and use imaging or other tests to distinguish a tumour from a benign lesion and plan next steps. Background on the disease is available at [Melanoma](/conditions/melanoma/).

Arrange an eye assessment for a new or unexplained visual change, especially if it affects one eye or is becoming more noticeable. Bring a list of medicines and describe when the change began, whether it is constant, and whether pain, redness, headache, or neurological symptoms are present. Do not drive if vision is impaired.

If a clinician identifies a suspicious lesion, ask what imaging or specialist review is needed. Management may involve observation, local treatment, or surgery depending on the lesion and its features; [Tumour Removal Surgery](/treatments/surgical-oncology/tumour-removal-surgery/) explains one surgical context.

Seek same-day urgent eye care for sudden loss of vision, a new curtain or shadow, a sudden shower of floaters, or repeated flashes. Call emergency services for visual change with facial drooping, weakness, trouble speaking, severe headache, or confusion. These symptoms can reflect an urgent eye or neurological problem and should not wait for a routine appointment.

What did the eye examination and imaging show? Is the lesion inside the eye or on its surface? Do I need an ocular oncology referral, monitoring, biopsy, or treatment? Which changes should make me seek urgent help?