Insomnia in older adults

With age, sleep may become lighter, bedtime may move earlier, and waking during the night may become more noticeable. Pain, reflux, needing the toilet, hot flushes, breathing problems, restless legs, and worries can interrupt rest. Some medicines, including certain treatments for blood pressure, asthma, pain, or mood, may affect sleep or cause daytime drowsiness. Depression and anxiety can also change sleep. A new sleep problem should not simply be dismissed as a normal part of ageing.

Keep a regular rising time and get natural light during the morning. Add suitable movement during the day, while allowing enough recovery for balance or joint problems. Avoid long or late naps, heavy meals close to bed, and caffeine later in the day. Keep pathways clear and use gentle lighting for night-time bathroom visits. Do not start or combine sleeping tablets, antihistamines, or supplements without a medication review; older bodies may clear some medicines more slowly. A sleep diary can show whether the problem follows a dose, nap, or change in routine.

Book an appointment when insomnia lasts, causes falls or near-falls, worsens memory or daytime alertness, or begins after a new medicine. Seek urgent help for sudden confusion, severe breathlessness, chest pain, or thoughts of self-harm. A clinician may check pain, mood, breathing, bladder symptoms, and the full medication list rather than treating sleep in isolation.

Could any of my medicines or symptoms be disturbing sleep? Is a non-drug sleep programme suitable, and what changes would make night-time movement safer?