Influenza and loss of smell: what to know

During influenza, a blocked or runny nose can limit airflow high inside the nose, where smell is detected. Fever, tiredness, headache, sore throat, cough, and body aches may occur at the same time. Food may seem bland because smell contributes strongly to flavour, even when your basic taste sensations remain.

Loss of smell can also occur with other respiratory conditions, including a common cold, allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and COVID-19. The symptom alone cannot identify which illness is responsible. A smell change that continues after other flu symptoms have eased deserves attention, particularly if it is sudden, marked, or accompanied by nasal or neurological symptoms.

Rest, drink enough fluids, and follow the advice given for your influenza symptoms. Saline nasal drops or a gentle saline rinse may help clear mucus; use a rinse only with sterile, distilled, or previously boiled and cooled water, and keep the device clean. Avoid inserting objects into the nose or repeatedly using decongestant sprays beyond the product instructions.

Because smell helps warn you about smoke, gas, spoiled food, and other hazards, check alarms and ask someone you trust to confirm food freshness. Choose foods with appealing textures and safe temperature rather than adding excessive salt or sugar. If you have been exposed to COVID-19 or have symptoms that fit it, follow current local testing and isolation advice.

Seek urgent help for trouble breathing, chest pain or pressure, new confusion, fainting, blue or grey lips, severe dehydration, or a sudden neurological change. Contact a clinician promptly if you are pregnant, have a long-term condition or weakened immune system, or are becoming significantly worse.

Arrange a medical review if your sense of smell does not begin to return as you recover, disappears without a blocked nose, keeps worsening, or is paired with facial pain, one-sided nasal blockage, recurrent nosebleeds, severe headache, or vision changes. A clinician can examine your nose and review whether another respiratory or sinus condition needs consideration. Do not start antibiotics or prescription nasal treatment without advice.

Ask: Could my reduced smell be from nasal congestion, influenza, COVID-19, or another cause? How long should I monitor it? Would an examination, testing, or treatment for sinus inflammation help? Which nasal products are suitable for me, and what warning signs should prompt urgent care?