What should you know about inflammatory mastitis?

Inflammatory mastitis is swelling and irritation in breast tissue that can cause pain, warmth, redness, and feeling unwell. It often occurs during breastfeeding when milk flow is disrupted or the breast is under pressure. Inflammation does not automatically mean there is a bacterial infection, so treatment depends on how symptoms develop and how you respond to supportive care.

The affected area may feel firm, tender, hot, or look red. You may also have aching, chills, or a raised temperature. A blocked area, pressure from a tight bra, skipped feeds, a shallow latch, or sudden changes to feeding can contribute to inflammation. A painful breast can have several causes, and a firm area that does not settle deserves an examination rather than repeated squeezing or deep massage.

Inflammation can make feeding uncomfortable, but stopping suddenly may increase breast fullness and pressure. If you are breastfeeding, milk can generally continue to be removed from the breast. A lactation professional can check positioning and attachment when feeding pain or incomplete drainage is part of the problem.

Rest, drink to thirst, and use a cool pack wrapped in cloth for short periods to reduce swelling. Wear a supportive bra that does not press into the sore area. Continue normal, comfortable breastfeeding or express only enough milk to relieve pressure; trying to empty the breast repeatedly can worsen swelling. Avoid forceful massage, vibrating devices, and pressing hard on a lump.

Paracetamol or an anti-inflammatory medicine may help if it is suitable for you; follow the product directions and check with a pharmacist or clinician if you are pregnant, have another medical condition, or take other medicines. Arrange a lactation consultation if latch, positioning, or feeding patterns may be contributing.

Contact a clinician promptly if you feel increasingly unwell, develop a high temperature or shaking chills, or the redness, pain, or swelling is spreading. Seek assessment if symptoms are not starting to improve with supportive measures, if a lump remains, or if there is pus or blood in nipple discharge. Urgent care is appropriate if you feel faint, confused, severely weak, or unable to keep fluids down.

A clinician may examine the breast and decide whether you need prescription treatment or imaging. Do not wait for a skin change to become severe before asking for help, especially if you are not breastfeeding or the same area keeps returning.

Ask: Could this be inflammation, infection, or another breast problem? Should I continue breastfeeding or expressing? Which pain relief is compatible with my medicines and feeding plans? What changes would mean I should return, and when should a persistent lump be checked?