What should you know about infectious bronchiolitis treatment?

Bronchiolitis is an infection affecting the smallest airways, most often in babies and young children. Swelling and mucus can narrow these airways, causing fast breathing, noisy breathing, wheezing, cough and difficulty feeding. A [Cough](/symptoms/cough/) or [Fever](/symptoms/fever/) can occur, but the breathing pattern and ability to drink are especially useful signs to observe.

Most cases improve with time and careful home support. A clinician may assess oxygen levels, breathing effort, hydration and the child's general condition. Antibiotics do not treat the viruses that commonly cause bronchiolitis, although another diagnosis may change the plan.

Offer smaller, more frequent feeds or drinks, and keep the child upright while awake if this makes breathing and feeding easier. Clear visible nasal mucus gently before feeds and sleep, and avoid tobacco smoke. Check regularly for changes in breathing, alertness and wet nappies. Do not give cough medicines or other treatments unless a clinician has advised them for that child.

A [Child Health Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/child-health-consultation/) can help when symptoms are difficult to judge. In selected situations, a clinician may discuss [Nebuliser Treatment](/treatments/acute-and-urgent-care/nebuliser-treatment/), but this is not suitable for every child.

Seek urgent medical help if the child is struggling to breathe, has pauses in breathing, develops blue or grey lips, becomes unusually floppy or hard to wake, or cannot keep fluids down. Prompt assessment is also needed when feeding drops markedly, wet nappies become much less frequent, or breathing is getting faster and harder.

Arrange medical advice if a young baby has a fever, symptoms are worsening, or you are concerned about the child's breathing. [Wheezing](/symptoms/wheezing/) that is new, persistent or accompanied by distress deserves assessment.

Ask whether the child's breathing, hydration and oxygen level are reassuring; which signs should trigger urgent review; how often to offer feeds; and whether any prescribed medicine is appropriate.