Hypertension in pregnancy: what to know

Blood pressure can rise before or during pregnancy for different reasons. Clinicians distinguish hypertension that existed before pregnancy from hypertension that develops during pregnancy, and they watch for preeclampsia, which may involve changes in the kidneys, liver, brain or placenta.

One reading is only part of the assessment. The team may repeat measurements, test urine and blood, ask about symptoms, and monitor fetal growth and wellbeing. A diagnosis does not predict a single outcome, but it does make planned follow-up especially important.

Attend antenatal reviews, take only medicines approved by your maternity clinician, and keep a record of home readings if monitoring has been recommended. Sit quietly before measuring, use the correct cuff size, and report readings or symptoms as instructed.

Do not stop prescribed treatment because you feel well, and do not self-treat a headache with a new medicine. Your care plan may include medication, additional checks, specialist review and discussion of birth timing. The plan can change as pregnancy progresses.

Call your maternity service urgently for a severe headache, visual disturbance, pain under the ribs, sudden swelling of the face or hands, vomiting that feels unusual, breathlessness, chest pain, fainting, confusion or reduced fetal movement. Seizures or severe breathing difficulty are emergencies.

Ask whether your hypertension began before pregnancy, how it is being monitored, which medicines and pain relievers are suitable, and what symptoms warrant immediate help. Ask how often the baby will be checked and what follow-up you need after delivery.