What should you know about hypertension and angina pectoris?

Hypertension is persistently raised pressure in the arteries. Over time, that pressure can contribute to changes in artery walls and make the heart work harder. Angina is chest discomfort caused by the heart muscle receiving less oxygen than it needs, often during exertion or emotional stress. It may feel like pressure, squeezing or tightness and can spread to the arm, jaw, back or shoulder. The two conditions can occur together, but chest symptoms have several possible causes and need clinical assessment.

Arrange medical review for new, recurring or exertional chest symptoms. Assessment may include blood pressure checks, an electrocardiogram and other tests guided by your history. Take prescribed blood-pressure or angina medicine consistently, and do not change doses without advice. Your clinician may also discuss cholesterol treatment, activity, smoking, sleep and other cardiovascular risks. Keep a record of triggers, duration and relief of symptoms.

Call emergency services for chest pressure or tightness that is severe, new, lasting longer than usual, occurring at rest, or not settling with your prescribed plan. Emergency help is also needed with sweating, nausea, severe breathlessness, fainting or pain spreading to the arm or jaw. Do not drive yourself if these symptoms are occurring.

Ask whether your symptoms fit angina, which tests are needed, what to do during an episode, and how to take each medicine. Discuss blood-pressure targets, cholesterol management, safe exercise and when to seek emergency help.