How Is Vaginal Dryness Treated?

Dryness can occur during perimenopause or menopause when oestrogen levels change. It may also be linked with genitourinary syndrome of menopause, premature ovarian insufficiency, breastfeeding, some medicines, cancer treatment, stress or irritation from fragranced products. Burning, soreness, itching, pain with sex or urinary discomfort can accompany it.

Vaginal moisturisers are used regularly to support comfort, while water-based or silicone-based lubricants can reduce friction during sex. Vaginal oestrogen acts locally on vaginal tissues and may be offered when symptoms relate to low oestrogen. Hormone replacement therapy may help wider menopausal symptoms, but the choice depends on health history and personal risk factors.

Use unperfumed products around the vulva and avoid douching. Give lubricant time to work and stop if it stings. Ask a clinician before starting oestrogen, especially with unexplained bleeding, a history of hormone-sensitive cancer, blood clots or liver disease. Persistent pain deserves assessment because dryness may not be the only cause.

Arrange medical review for bleeding after sex, bleeding after menopause, unusual discharge, sores, pelvic pain, burning urine or symptoms that do not settle with gentle care. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, severe pain, fever or fainting. These signs can indicate another condition requiring prompt treatment.

What is the likely cause of my dryness? Would a moisturiser, lubricant, vaginal oestrogen or hormone replacement suit me? Are my medicines contributing? How should unexplained bleeding be investigated? What follow-up should I arrange if symptoms continue?