How is throat cancer treated?

The throat includes several connected areas, so the team first identifies the tumour’s exact location. Examination, endoscopy, biopsy and scans help guide the plan. Tumour removal surgery may be used when the cancer can be removed while protecting important functions. Radiotherapy may be given on its own, after surgery or with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can treat cancer cells throughout the body and may be used before, during or after local treatment.

The team also considers voice, swallowing, breathing, nutrition and dental health. Speech and swallowing specialists, dietitians and rehabilitation professionals may support you before and during treatment.

Ask how the tumour’s site and stage affect your choices and whether treatment aims to remove the cancer, control it or relieve symptoms. Tell the team about difficulty swallowing, hoarse voice, smoking or vaping, dental problems and current medicines. Arrange nutritional and swallowing support early if eating or drinking is becoming difficult.

Seek urgent help for breathing difficulty, choking, inability to swallow liquids or rapidly worsening neck swelling. During treatment, report fever, dehydration, new bleeding, severe mouth or throat pain, or a sudden change in voice or swallowing. Use the emergency plan supplied by your team if symptoms develop overnight.

Where exactly is the tumour? Can surgery preserve my voice and swallowing? Will I need radiotherapy or chemotherapy? Who can help with nutrition, speech and swallowing?