How is alopecia areata treated?

Alopecia areata can appear as one or more smooth bald patches, and it may also affect eyebrows or other hair-bearing areas. The pattern can change over time, so a dermatologist examines the scalp and may check for another cause of hair loss. Treatment choice depends on the size and number of patches, how quickly they appeared, the person’s age, and whether the eyebrows or nails are involved.

Topical corticosteroids may be prescribed for selected patches. Steroid injection into the skin can place medicine directly into limited areas, while oral corticosteroid treatment may be considered in particular patterns and circumstances. JAK inhibitor treatment is another option for some people with more extensive disease. Protect exposed scalp from sun and cold, handle regrowing hair gently, and use cosmetic or brow options if they support confidence.

Arrange a dermatology review for sudden bald patches, rapid expansion, widespread hair loss, or thinning eyebrows. Seek prompt care if hair loss comes with scalp pain, scaling, pus, scarring, or marked illness, because those features can suggest another scalp problem. Do not start prescription immune treatments without a clinician’s assessment.

Ask whether the pattern fits alopecia areata, which treatment suits the affected areas, and how follow-up will check response and side effects. Ask what to do if new bald patches appear and whether other medicines or health conditions affect the plan.