How effective is colposcopy for vulval cancer?

Colposcopy is designed to give a magnified view of the cervix, so it can help assess cervical cell changes. The vulva is the external genital area and needs a different examination. A clinician may inspect the skin and mucosa directly, feel the area, and take a small biopsy from a persistent, changing, thickened, ulcerated, or otherwise concerning lesion. Laboratory examination of that tissue is what can identify cancer or another diagnosis.

A referral for colposcopy may still be appropriate if cervical screening or HPV-related cervical changes also need assessment. It should not be assumed to answer a separate question about a vulval lump, sore, colour change, or itch.

Tell the clinician exactly where the change is, how long it has been present, and whether it bleeds, hurts, itches, or alters. Avoid irritating products before examination if they worsen symptoms, and mention pregnancy, medicines that affect bleeding, and previous vulval conditions. If a biopsy is suggested, ask how the area will be numbed, how to care for the site, and when the result will be reviewed. Do not delay assessment because a cervical examination was normal.

Book a clinical review for a vulval change that persists, enlarges, becomes firm, breaks down, bleeds, or causes ongoing itch or pain. Seek prompt care for an ulcer that does not heal, new bleeding from a lesion, severe pain, spreading redness, fever, or difficulty passing urine. Urgent assessment is appropriate if symptoms become severe or you feel acutely unwell.

Ask whether your concern is on the cervix or vulva, which examination is needed, whether a biopsy is recommended, and how the sample will be tested. Ask when you should expect the result and what changes should prompt an earlier review.