How effective is colonoscopy for bowel cancer?

A flexible camera passes through the rectum so the clinician can inspect the colon and rectum. They may remove a polyp or take a biopsy from an area that looks abnormal. A laboratory examines tissue to confirm whether cancer is present and to provide information that guides treatment. Clear bowel preparation helps the clinician see the lining, although a test may need repeating if the view is inadequate.

Colonoscopy can identify a tumour inside the bowel, but it does not show the full extent of disease outside the bowel wall. Scans and other tests may be needed for staging. If cancer is confirmed, surgery or another treatment may be recommended.

Follow the bowel-preparation instructions closely and tell the unit about medicines, allergies, pregnancy, and health conditions. Arrange an adult to take you home if sedation is used. Ask when to restart regular medicines and when results will be available. Keep follow-up appointments so biopsy findings and next steps are explained clearly.

Mild bloating or a small amount of bleeding after a biopsy or polyp removal can occur, but contact the endoscopy team about increasing abdominal pain, fever, persistent vomiting, heavy bleeding, dizziness, or a swollen abdomen. Seek emergency care for severe pain, fainting, or breathing difficulty.

Was the whole bowel visible? Were polyps removed or biopsies taken? When will pathology results be ready? Do I need scans or another test? When should my next examination take place?