How does scoliosis surgery work?

Scoliosis surgery corrects and stabilises a spinal curve by placing implants and joining selected vertebrae. The surgeon releases or reshapes parts of the spine as needed, positions the vertebrae more evenly, and uses rods and screws to hold that alignment while bone grows across the planned fusion area.

The operation is planned around the curve’s location, flexibility and effect on balance. Screws are placed into suitable parts of the vertebrae and connected to rods. These implants provide controlled support while the fusion develops. A fusion means selected vertebrae are encouraged to heal together, reducing movement in that segment. The aim is a safer, better-balanced spine rather than making every curve perfectly straight. Imaging and, in some settings, computer navigation help the team plan and check implant placement.

Before surgery, discuss medicines, allergies, dental problems and any breathing or neurological symptoms. Afterward, the team monitors the wound, movement, sensation and pain control. Walking usually begins gradually, followed by a rehabilitation plan that protects healing while rebuilding activity. Keep the incision clean and follow lifting, bending and driving restrictions. Attend follow-up visits so alignment, implants and fusion healing can be reviewed.

Contact the surgical team for increasing wound redness, drainage, fever, worsening pain or new weakness or numbness. Seek urgent care for sudden loss of bladder or bowel control, severe breathing trouble, chest pain or rapidly progressing leg weakness. A fall or impact should also be reported if it causes new pain or changes in movement.

Ask which vertebrae will be fused, what correction is realistic, and how implants will be checked. Discuss expected hospital care, restrictions, rehabilitation, warning signs and the plan if pain or nerve symptoms change.