How does hysterectomy work?

The surgeon separates the womb from nearby tissues and removes it through the chosen route. A total hysterectomy removes the womb and cervix; a subtotal procedure leaves the cervix in place. The fallopian tubes or ovaries can be removed during the same operation when there is a clinical reason. Removing the ovaries causes an immediate loss of ovarian hormone production, while removing the womb means you will no longer have periods or be able to carry a pregnancy.

Hysterectomy may be considered for problems such as heavy bleeding, fibroids, adenomyosis, endometriosis or some cancers. It is a major operation, so alternatives such as myomectomy may be discussed when they fit your circumstances.

Before surgery, discuss medicines, allergies, fertility wishes and whether the ovaries should remain. Arrange help with daily tasks and follow the hospital instructions about eating, drinking and medicines. Recovery varies with the surgical route. Gentle walking can support circulation, but lifting, driving, work and sex should wait until your surgical team says they are appropriate. Keep the wound clean and attend the planned follow-up.

Contact your surgical team promptly for fever, worsening pain, heavy bleeding, wound redness or discharge, difficulty passing urine, or vomiting that prevents fluids. Seek urgent help for sudden breathlessness, chest pain, fainting, or a painful swollen leg, because these can signal a serious complication after surgery.

Ask which route is recommended and why, which organs will be removed, what alternatives remain, how the operation may affect hormones and fertility, and when you can return to usual activities.