How common is hearing loss in earwax buildup?

A plug of wax may partly or fully block the ear canal, making sounds seem quieter, distant or muffled. You may also notice fullness, ringing, itching or discomfort. The change can affect one ear or both. This type of reduced hearing is often related to the blockage, but hearing changes have other causes too. Looking inside the ear is the safest way for a clinician or trained pharmacist to check whether wax is present and whether the eardrum can be seen.

Keep water and objects out of the ear while it is blocked. Cotton buds, hairpins and similar items can push wax deeper or injure the canal. Ask a pharmacist or clinician whether wax-softening drops are appropriate; they are not suitable for everyone, particularly with a perforated eardrum, ear tubes, discharge or significant pain. Professional removal may use irrigation or an instrument after the ear has been assessed.

Seek prompt medical advice for sudden hearing loss, severe pain, discharge, dizziness, fever, or symptoms after an injury. Arrange an assessment if hearing remains reduced after wax has been removed, because another ear problem may need attention. Do not attempt home removal if you have a history of eardrum problems unless a clinician has advised you.

Can you see wax blocking the canal, and is the eardrum healthy? Which removal method is suitable for me? If my hearing does not return after removal, what test or follow-up should I have?