High blood pressure and heart failure: what to know

The heart pumps against greater resistance when pressure in the arteries stays high. Over time, the heart muscle may become thicker or less able to relax and fill. Later, it may struggle to pump enough blood for the body's needs. This process can happen quietly, and high blood pressure may have no noticeable symptoms.

Heart failure does not mean that the heart has stopped. It can cause breathlessness during activity or when lying down, unusual tiredness, ankle swelling, or a rapid increase in fluid-related weight. These symptoms can have other causes, so an assessment is needed rather than self-diagnosis.

Arrange a clinical review if your readings remain high, you have been told your heart is enlarged, or you notice new breathlessness or swelling. Bring home readings, a list of medicines and supplements, and details of missed doses or side effects.

Take prescribed treatment as directed and do not stop it because a reading improves. Your clinician may check blood tests, kidney function, an electrocardiogram, or an ultrasound scan of the heart. Limiting excess salt, avoiding tobacco, staying active within your ability, and managing sleep problems can support the plan.

Call emergency services for severe or rapidly worsening breathlessness, chest pressure, fainting, blue lips, confusion, or sudden weakness or speech difficulty. Sit upright while waiting if breathing is difficult, and do not drive yourself.

Contact a clinician promptly for steadily worsening ankle swelling, waking breathless, needing more pillows, or a new persistent cough. These changes can signal fluid build-up and need timely review.

Ask which blood pressure target applies to you, how often to check it, whether your symptoms suggest fluid retention, and which medicines need monitoring. Clarify what to do after a missed dose and which activities are suitable.