What to do for heat exhaustion

The body may be struggling to release heat after time outdoors, exercise, or work in a hot space. Fluid and salt loss can lead to heavy sweating, weakness, thirst, headache, muscle cramps, nausea, or dizziness. These symptoms can overlap with dehydration and other illnesses, so focus on immediate safety and the person’s alertness rather than trying to name the cause from one symptom.

First, stop activity and call someone to stay with the person. Move them to shade or air conditioning, loosen clothing, and apply cool wet cloths while using a fan. If fully alert, offer small frequent sips of water or oral rehydration fluid. Do not force drinks, give alcohol, or send the person back into heat because they feel briefly better. Keep checking whether they are thinking clearly and can swallow.

Call emergency services for confusion, collapse, seizure, severe breathing trouble, or very hot skin with worsening symptoms. Arrange urgent assessment for repeated vomiting, inability to drink, persistent severe dizziness, unusual sleepiness, very dark urine, or failure to improve with cooling. If the person is unconscious or cannot swallow normally, place nothing in the mouth and seek emergency help.

Ask which warning signs are especially relevant if you have heart, kidney, or blood-pressure problems. Discuss safe fluid choices, the timing of a return to exercise, and practical ways to manage heat exposure during work or travel.