Heat exhaustion and heat stroke first aid

Heat exhaustion develops when heat, sweating and fluid loss overwhelm the body's ability to cool itself. Common features include heavy sweating, weakness, headache, thirst, dizziness, nausea and clammy skin. Heat stroke is a medical emergency: confusion, fainting, seizures, unusual behaviour or very hot skin can signal dangerous overheating. A person may still sweat, so sweating does not rule out heat stroke.

Stop activity and move the person indoors or into shade. Remove extra clothing and cool the skin with wet cloths, fanning, or cool water while help is arranged. If they are awake and able to swallow, offer frequent small sips of water or an oral rehydration drink; do not force fluids. Never give anything by mouth to someone who is confused, vomiting repeatedly, having a seizure or unconscious. Do not leave them alone.

Call emergency services immediately for confusion, collapse, seizure, severe breathing trouble, or suspected heat stroke. Seek medical assessment if symptoms do not clearly improve after cooling and rest, or if vomiting prevents drinking. Dark urine, very little urine, worsening headache or persistent dizziness can accompany dehydration and need attention.

Ask whether medicines or a health condition increase heat risk, how much activity is suitable during hot weather, and which rehydration option fits your needs. Mention any episode of fainting, confusion, vomiting or reduced urination.