Heart failure in women: what to know

Heart failure means the heart is not pumping or relaxing well enough to meet the body's needs. Fluid may build up in the lungs or lower limbs. Many women notice reduced stamina, unusual fatigue, a cough when lying down, breathlessness during ordinary activity, or swollen ankles. Palpitations can occur when the heart rhythm is abnormal; atrial fibrillation and hypertension are conditions a clinician may consider alongside heart failure. A symptom such as fatigue is not proof of heart failure, because many other problems can cause it.

Arrange a medical review if symptoms are new, persistent or gradually worsening. Write down when breathlessness, cough, swelling or palpitations occur, whether they disturb sleep, and how activity has changed. Bring a list of medicines and supplements, including any taken for blood pressure. Assessment may include an examination, blood tests, an electrocardiogram and heart imaging. Do not stop prescribed heart or blood-pressure medicine without advice. A chronic disease review can help check symptoms, medicines and follow-up together.

Seek emergency help for severe or rapidly worsening breathlessness, chest pressure, fainting, new confusion, blue or grey lips, or coughing up pink frothy fluid. Get prompt medical advice for a sudden increase in ankle swelling, a racing or irregular heartbeat with weakness, or breathlessness at rest. These warning signs need urgent assessment regardless of whether heart failure has already been diagnosed.

Ask what might explain your particular symptom pattern, which tests are appropriate, and how your medicines could affect swelling or blood pressure. You can also ask how to track weight and symptoms, what level of activity is suitable, and who to contact if your breathing or swelling changes.