Headache, dizziness, shortness of breath and fatigue

The symptoms may reflect reduced oxygen delivery, changes in blood pressure, an infection, or difficulty moving air. Anaemia can present with tiredness, headache, dizziness and breathlessness, especially during activity. Asthma or COPD may cause chest tightness, wheezing or breathlessness. An irregular rhythm such as atrial fibrillation can be accompanied by fatigue, dizziness or awareness of the heartbeat. Chest pressure or discomfort with breathlessness can occur with angina. The pattern, timing and triggers matter more than any single symptom.

Stop strenuous activity, sit upright and avoid driving while dizzy or short of breath. Note when the symptoms began, whether they occur at rest or with exertion, and any fever, cough, palpitations, chest discomfort, bleeding or heavy periods. Arrange a prompt clinical assessment; a clinician may check oxygen level, pulse, blood pressure and blood tests, then decide whether heart or lung tests are needed.

Call emergency services for severe or rapidly worsening breathlessness, blue or grey lips, fainting, new confusion, severe chest pressure, coughing blood, or sudden weakness or trouble speaking. Seek same-day care if breathlessness occurs at rest, dizziness keeps returning, or fatigue is stopping normal activities.

Could anaemia, asthma, a heart rhythm problem or another cause explain this pattern? Which checks should be done first? What symptoms should prompt emergency help?