What should you know about hair growth for alopecia areata?

Alopecia areata is an immune-mediated condition in which the body's defence system targets hair follicles. It commonly produces smooth, sharply defined bald patches, but can involve the scalp, beard, eyebrows, or eyelashes. Regrowth may begin with fine or white hairs before becoming thicker. New patches can appear even after one area starts filling in.

Photograph the affected areas in consistent lighting and note new patches, nail changes, or eyebrow and eyelash loss. Depending on the pattern, a dermatologist may discuss steroid injections into the skin, topical corticosteroids, oral corticosteroid treatment, or JAK inhibitor treatment. These options differ in application, monitoring, and suitability; treatment is selected after reviewing medical history and infection risks.

Book a dermatology assessment for new or expanding bald patches, extensive scalp loss, or loss involving eyebrows and eyelashes. Seek prompt advice if the scalp is painful, crusted, scarred, or inflamed, since those findings are not typical of a smooth patch and may need a different evaluation.

Does the pattern fit alopecia areata? Is the condition active or stable? Which treatment fits the affected areas, and what monitoring or infection precautions will I need?