What should you know about geriatric depression?

Older people may describe low mood, loss of interest, worry, irritability or feeling emotionally numb. Some notice physical changes first, such as fatigue, appetite changes, difficulty sleeping or daytime sleepiness. Difficulty concentrating can be mistaken for ordinary ageing, but a new or worsening change in memory or attention deserves assessment. Depression can occur alongside long-term illness, pain, bereavement or social isolation, and insomnia may make symptoms harder to manage.

Arrange a GP consultation and write down changes in mood, sleep, appetite, medicines and daily activities. A clinician can ask about symptoms, review medicines and check for physical problems that can resemble depression. Treatment may include talking therapy, practical support, activity planning or prescribed medicine, depending on the person’s needs. Keep regular contact with trusted people, maintain a simple routine and take medicines only as directed. Do not stop an antidepressant suddenly without medical advice.

Seek prompt medical help if low mood is persistent, daily tasks are becoming difficult, eating or drinking is reduced, or confusion is new. Get emergency help immediately if the person may harm themselves, cannot stay safe, or has severe confusion or unusual behaviour. If symptoms include feeling anxious, irritability or marked fatigue, mention these specifically because they can help a clinician understand the pattern.

Could a medicine or physical condition be contributing? What treatment options suit this person’s health and preferences? How will improvement be monitored? What should family members watch for between appointments?