Frequent cluster headaches: what to know

Cluster headache is a condition marked by intense pain around or behind one eye or at the temple. The affected eye may water or redden, the eyelid may droop, and the nose may become blocked or run on that side. People often feel restless during an attack rather than wanting to lie still. Attacks can recur in a recognisable pattern over a period, sometimes at similar times of day. A new or changing pattern still needs assessment because other headache disorders can resemble it.

Keep a headache diary with start time, duration, pain location, eye and nasal changes, possible triggers and medicines used. Avoid alcohol if it seems to trigger attacks, and protect regular sleep as far as practical. Arrange a GP consultation for repeated attacks or a first severe episode. A clinician can confirm the pattern, check for other causes and discuss fast-acting treatment and prevention rather than relying on ordinary painkillers alone.

Seek emergency care for a sudden explosive headache, new weakness or numbness, trouble speaking, confusion, fainting, seizure, stiff neck, fever, vision loss or a painful red eye. Get prompt advice if the headache follows a head injury, starts during pregnancy or changes markedly from your established pattern. Severe pain does not by itself prove a dangerous cause, but these accompanying features require rapid assessment.

Ask whether the timing, one-sided location and eye or nasal signs fit cluster headache. Discuss whether you need a neurological examination, specialist referral or a plan for attacks and prevention. Bring your diary and mention family history, recent injury, sleep changes, alcohol triggers and all medicines.