What should you know about freckles and dark spots?

Freckles are usually small, flat spots that become more visible with sunlight. A darker patch may instead be [Melasma](/conditions/melasma/), which often appears as broader, fairly symmetrical areas on the face; [Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation](/conditions/post-inflammatory-hyperpigmentation/) can follow acne, eczema, injury, or irritation. [Sun Spots](/conditions/sun-spots/) tend to persist on exposed skin. Scaling or fine surface change can point toward [Tinea Versicolor](/conditions/tinea-versicolor/). A description cannot replace an examination.

Use broad-spectrum sunscreen and add shade, hats, and protective clothing. Treat irritation gently and avoid picking blemishes, since inflammation can deepen pigment. Keep a simple record of when a mark appeared, where it is, and whether its shape or colour changes. Depending on the cause, a dermatologist may discuss [Chemical Peel](/treatments/aesthetic-procedures/chemical-peel/), [Skin Brightening Treatment](/treatments/aesthetic-procedures/skin-brightening-treatment/), or [Picosecond Laser Treatment](/treatments/laser-and-energy/picosecond-laser-treatment/).

Arrange prompt review for a rapidly changing, irregular, multicoloured, bleeding, crusted, painful, or persistently itchy mark. Seek care when a dark patch is spreading with scale, inflammation, or other new symptoms. A spot that is clearly unlike your other freckles should be checked even if it does not hurt.

Ask what pattern the pigmentation follows, whether a medication or skin condition could contribute, and whether examination with dermoscopy or another test is appropriate. Ask which products are safe for your skin and how long to use them before judging a change.