FNAC: fine needle aspiration cytology

FNAC can assess a palpable lump, a thyroid nodule, an enlarged lymph node, or another image-guided target. The clinician cleans the skin, positions the needle, and draws a small cell sample into a syringe. A pathologist then assesses the cells for features that help distinguish a reactive, benign, or malignant process.

FNAC can answer a focused question, but it may not provide the tissue architecture needed for every diagnosis. An unclear or nonrepresentative result is not the same as a normal result. Further imaging, repeat FNAC, core biopsy, or specialist review may be appropriate.

Tell the service about blood-thinning medicines, bleeding problems, allergies, and pregnancy. Confirm whether any medicine should be adjusted only under medical direction. Afterward, use the recommended pressure and dressing, and avoid rubbing the puncture site.

Arrange to learn how the result will be delivered. Ask whether the report will be reviewed at a follow-up visit and what will happen if the laboratory cannot classify the cells.

Call the treating service for ongoing bleeding, worsening pain, increasing redness, warmth, pus, or swelling at the needle site. Seek urgent care if swelling affects breathing or swallowing, or if you feel faint or severely unwell.

Ask what target is being sampled, whether guidance is required, what an indeterminate result would mean, and which result would lead to another biopsy.