What should you know about features of ankylosing spondylitis?

The condition is an inflammatory form of axial spondyloarthritis that mainly involves the joints between the spine and pelvis and the small joints of the spine. Back or buttock pain may develop gradually, feel worse after rest, and ease somewhat with movement. [Morning Joint Stiffness](/symptoms/morning-joint-stiffness/) and general [Joint Stiffness](/symptoms/joint-stiffness/) can last for a prolonged period after waking.

Some people also have pain or swelling in the hips, shoulders, knees, ribs, or heels, with [Reduced Range of Motion](/symptoms/reduced-range-of-motion/). Eye inflammation, psoriasis, or bowel inflammation can occur alongside the condition. These features are clues, not a diagnosis; examination and appropriate testing help distinguish it from mechanical back pain.

Keep a record of where pain occurs, how long morning stiffness lasts, what movement does to it, and any eye, skin, or bowel symptoms. A clinician may assess spinal and hip movement and refer you to rheumatology. Treatment is personalised and can include [Anti-Inflammatory Medication](/treatments/non-surgical-orthopedics/anti-inflammatory-medication/), [Exercise Therapy](/treatments/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation/exercise-therapy/), and [Physiotherapy](/treatments/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation/physiotherapy/). [Hydrotherapy](/treatments/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation/hydrotherapy/) may offer a lower-impact way to practise movement.

Book an assessment for persistent inflammatory-pattern back or buttock pain, recurring stiffness, or a noticeable loss of movement. Seek urgent eye care for a painful red eye with light sensitivity or blurred vision. Prompt assessment is also needed for new leg weakness, numbness around the saddle area, or loss of bladder or bowel control.

Ask whether your symptom pattern suggests axial spondyloarthritis, which assessment is appropriate, how to exercise during a flare, and which symptoms should trigger rheumatology or eye review.